Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	17
Number of observations	13611
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	68
Duplicate rows (%)	0.5%
Total size in memory	1.8 MiB
Average record size in memory	136.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	17

Alerts

Dataset has 68 (0.5%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`Area` is highly overall correlated with `Perimeter` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Perimeter` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`MajorAxisLength` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`MinorAxisLength` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`AspectRation` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 14 other fields	High correlation
`Eccentricity` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`ConvexArea` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`EquivDiameter` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Solidity` is highly overall correlated with `roundness` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`roundness` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 15 other fields	High correlation
`Compactness` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 14 other fields	High correlation
`ShapeFactor1` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`ShapeFactor2` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`ShapeFactor3` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 14 other fields	High correlation
`ShapeFactor4` is highly overall correlated with `MajorAxisLength` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Class` is highly overall correlated with `Area` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Extent` is highly overall correlated with `AspectRation` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Class` has 2027 (14.9%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-11-23 16:07:38.164752
Analysis finished	2022-11-23 16:10:07.653579
Duration	2 minutes and 29.49 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling vv3.5.0
Download configuration	config.json

Area
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	12011
Distinct (%)	88.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	53048.285

Minimum	20420
Maximum	254616
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	20420
5-th percentile	27660.5
Q1	36328
median	44652
Q3	61332
95-th percentile	89824.5
Maximum	254616
Range	234196
Interquartile range (IQR)	25004

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	29324.096
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.55278122
Kurtosis	10.800814
Mean	53048.285
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10386
Skewness	2.952931
Sum	7.220402 × 10⁸
Variance	8.5990259 × 10⁸
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
35442	4	< 0.1%
38426	4	< 0.1%
34774	4	< 0.1%
40504	4	< 0.1%
52266	4	< 0.1%
34594	4	< 0.1%
33518	4	< 0.1%
28122	4	< 0.1%
38273	4	< 0.1%
36109	4	< 0.1%
Other values (12001)	13571	99.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20420	1	< 0.1%
20464	1	< 0.1%
20548	1	< 0.1%
20711	1	< 0.1%
20786	1	< 0.1%
20942	1	< 0.1%
21101	1	< 0.1%
21314	1	< 0.1%
21348	1	< 0.1%
21397	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
254616	1	< 0.1%
251432	1	< 0.1%
248424	1	< 0.1%
241322	1	< 0.1%
237270	1	< 0.1%
234898	1	< 0.1%
233751	1	< 0.1%
231066	1	< 0.1%
230867	1	< 0.1%
226806	1	< 0.1%

Perimeter
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13351
Distinct (%)	98.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	855.28346

Minimum	524.736
Maximum	1985.37
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	524.736
5-th percentile	617.737
Q1	703.5235
median	794.941
Q3	977.213
95-th percentile	1181.124
Maximum	1985.37
Range	1460.634
Interquartile range (IQR)	273.6895

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	214.2897
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.25054816
Kurtosis	3.5881233
Mean	855.28346
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	117.877
Skewness	1.6261235
Sum	11641263
Variance	45920.074
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
701.644	3	< 0.1%
683.341	3	< 0.1%
911.589	3	< 0.1%
984.123	3	< 0.1%
805.168	3	< 0.1%
984.152	2	< 0.1%
740.017	2	< 0.1%
930.03	2	< 0.1%
639.039	2	< 0.1%
732.103	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13341)	13586	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
524.736	1	< 0.1%
524.932	1	< 0.1%
525.413	1	< 0.1%
528.408	1	< 0.1%
530.683	1	< 0.1%
530.825	1	< 0.1%
531.318	1	< 0.1%
533.701	1	< 0.1%
534.717	1	< 0.1%
534.918	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1985.37	1	< 0.1%
1921.685	1	< 0.1%
1919.868	1	< 0.1%
1895.94	1	< 0.1%
1884.557	1	< 0.1%
1869.885	1	< 0.1%
1849.699	1	< 0.1%
1849.371	1	< 0.1%
1847.94	1	< 0.1%
1845.855	1	< 0.1%

MajorAxisLength
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	320.14187

Minimum	183.60117
Maximum	738.86015
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	183.60117
5-th percentile	224.64467
Q1	253.30363
median	296.88337
Q3	376.49501
95-th percentile	448.32394
Maximum	738.86015
Range	555.25899
Interquartile range (IQR)	123.19138

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	85.694186
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.26767566
Kurtosis	2.5319021
Mean	320.14187
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	54.974243
Skewness	1.3578153
Sum	4357451
Variance	7343.4935
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
306.5338861	2	< 0.1%
365.7450534	2	< 0.1%
337.1714639	2	< 0.1%
347.4427551	2	< 0.1%
352.4820889	2	< 0.1%
365.2980956	2	< 0.1%
398.3767662	2	< 0.1%
404.3694213	2	< 0.1%
349.4594503	2	< 0.1%
396.8343705	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
183.601165	1	< 0.1%
183.9652515	1	< 0.1%
185.3819214	1	< 0.1%
186.0791494	1	< 0.1%
187.1686348	1	< 0.1%
188.9191604	1	< 0.1%
189.7993849	1	< 0.1%
190.2826321	1	< 0.1%
191.1765253	1	< 0.1%
191.2029134	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
738.8601535	1	< 0.1%
738.1445017	1	< 0.1%
726.3734932	1	< 0.1%
722.4940683	1	< 0.1%
721.2160984	1	< 0.1%
720.6955205	1	< 0.1%
719.1256904	1	< 0.1%
715.0530398	1	< 0.1%
713.9672821	1	< 0.1%
713.366837	1	< 0.1%

MinorAxisLength
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	202.27071

Minimum	122.51265
Maximum	460.1985
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	122.51265
5-th percentile	153.81363
Q1	175.84817
median	192.43173
Q3	217.03174
95-th percentile	267.88518
Maximum	460.1985
Range	337.68584
Interquartile range (IQR)	41.183571

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	44.970091
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.22232626
Kurtosis	6.6510668
Mean	202.27071
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	19.063147
Skewness	2.2382105
Sum	2753106.7
Variance	2022.3091
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
160.5917844	2	< 0.1%
198.0564098	2	< 0.1%
160.0360674	2	< 0.1%
172.1287909	2	< 0.1%
189.3009514	2	< 0.1%
175.4863836	2	< 0.1%
182.0855177	2	< 0.1%
197.1457639	2	< 0.1%
202.9347314	2	< 0.1%
196.1712129	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
122.5126535	1	< 0.1%
129.5762069	1	< 0.1%
129.7481935	1	< 0.1%
130.7366895	1	< 0.1%
131.4330586	1	< 0.1%
132.1435531	1	< 0.1%
132.1875207	1	< 0.1%
132.298336	1	< 0.1%
132.3079693	1	< 0.1%
132.6402186	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
460.1984968	1	< 0.1%
450.9261867	1	< 0.1%
449.3396784	1	< 0.1%
447.4183287	1	< 0.1%
446.0436176	1	< 0.1%
440.686418	1	< 0.1%
435.8378565	1	< 0.1%
432.5894199	1	< 0.1%
432.3898213	1	< 0.1%
429.9621282	1	< 0.1%

AspectRation
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.583242

Minimum	1.0248676
Maximum	2.4303064
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.0248676
5-th percentile	1.208047
Q1	1.4323069
median	1.5511237
Q3	1.7071089
95-th percentile	2.0820115
Maximum	2.4303064
Range	1.4054389
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.274802

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.24667846
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.15580591
Kurtosis	0.11381444
Mean	1.583242
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.13542285
Skewness	0.5825734
Sum	21549.507
Variance	0.06085026
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.908776886	2	< 0.1%
1.846671127	2	< 0.1%
2.106846721	2	< 0.1%
2.018504594	2	< 0.1%
1.862019637	2	< 0.1%
2.081632137	2	< 0.1%
2.187855307	2	< 0.1%
2.051118996	2	< 0.1%
1.722028791	2	< 0.1%
2.022898083	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.024867596	1	< 0.1%
1.036422681	1	< 0.1%
1.041963699	1	< 0.1%
1.047159612	1	< 0.1%
1.049180121	1	< 0.1%
1.049424005	1	< 0.1%
1.060785687	1	< 0.1%
1.06079802	1	< 0.1%
1.064697761	1	< 0.1%
1.065247205	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.430306447	1	< 0.1%
2.388873436	1	< 0.1%
2.387394886	1	< 0.1%
2.383260481	1	< 0.1%
2.364016609	1	< 0.1%
2.358271756	1	< 0.1%
2.350473191	1	< 0.1%
2.347666241	1	< 0.1%
2.345077704	1	< 0.1%
2.34329324	1	< 0.1%

Eccentricity
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.75089493

Minimum	0.21895126
Maximum	0.91142297
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.21895126
5-th percentile	0.56104933
Q1	0.71592775
median	0.76444081
Q3	0.81046598
95-th percentile	0.87710167
Maximum	0.91142297
Range	0.6924717
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.094538238

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.092001763
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.12252282
Kurtosis	1.3874556
Mean	0.75089493
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.047162019
Skewness	-1.0628239
Sum	10220.431
Variance	0.0084643244
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.851782424	2	< 0.1%
0.840691128	2	< 0.1%
0.880178416	2	< 0.1%
0.868655702	2	< 0.1%
0.843549607	2	< 0.1%
0.877053739	2	< 0.1%
0.889431436	2	< 0.1%
0.873101348	2	< 0.1%
0.81411022	2	< 0.1%
0.86926848	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.218951263	1	< 0.1%
0.262774375	1	< 0.1%
0.280936588	1	< 0.1%
0.296720861	1	< 0.1%
0.302576233	1	< 0.1%
0.303273094	1	< 0.1%
0.333648694	1	< 0.1%
0.333679658	1	< 0.1%
0.343278441	1	< 0.1%
0.344601032	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.911422968	1	< 0.1%
0.908167319	1	< 0.1%
0.908047776	1	< 0.1%
0.907712239	1	< 0.1%
0.90612554	1	< 0.1%
0.90564377	1	< 0.1%
0.904983696	1	< 0.1%
0.904744384	1	< 0.1%
0.904522875	1	< 0.1%
0.904369714	1	< 0.1%

ConvexArea
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	12066
Distinct (%)	88.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	53768.2

Minimum	20684
Maximum	263261
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	20684
5-th percentile	28011.5
Q1	36714.5
median	45178
Q3	62294
95-th percentile	91282
Maximum	263261
Range	242577
Interquartile range (IQR)	25579.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	29774.916
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.55376441
Kurtosis	10.74364
Mean	53768.2
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10566
Skewness	2.9418211
Sum	7.3183897 × 10⁸
Variance	8.8654561 × 10⁸
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
37023	5	< 0.1%
38941	4	< 0.1%
43198	4	< 0.1%
47888	4	< 0.1%
41706	4	< 0.1%
31423	4	< 0.1%
47446	4	< 0.1%
45243	4	< 0.1%
47729	4	< 0.1%
44262	4	< 0.1%
Other values (12056)	13570	99.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20684	1	< 0.1%
20772	1	< 0.1%
20825	1	< 0.1%
20988	1	< 0.1%
21057	1	< 0.1%
21191	1	< 0.1%
21462	1	< 0.1%
21587	1	< 0.1%
21590	1	< 0.1%
21731	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
263261	1	< 0.1%
257425	1	< 0.1%
251082	1	< 0.1%
244319	1	< 0.1%
240671	1	< 0.1%
238265	1	< 0.1%
237344	1	< 0.1%
233243	1	< 0.1%
232903	1	< 0.1%
231500	1	< 0.1%

EquivDiameter
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	12011
Distinct (%)	88.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	253.06422

Minimum	161.24376
Maximum	569.37436
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	161.24376
5-th percentile	187.66577
Q1	215.068
median	238.43803
Q3	279.44647
95-th percentile	338.18354
Maximum	569.37436
Range	408.13059
Interquartile range (IQR)	64.378463

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	59.17712
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2338423
Kurtosis	5.1920573
Mean	253.06422
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	28.341218
Skewness	1.9489576
Sum	3444457.1
Variance	3501.9315
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
212.4291787	4	< 0.1%
221.1911001	4	< 0.1%
210.4177557	4	< 0.1%
227.0931406	4	< 0.1%
257.9673197	4	< 0.1%
209.8724584	4	< 0.1%
206.5827753	4	< 0.1%
189.2248464	4	< 0.1%
220.7503049	4	< 0.1%
214.4187649	4	< 0.1%
Other values (12001)	13571	99.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
161.2437642	1	< 0.1%
161.4173908	1	< 0.1%
161.7483421	1	< 0.1%
162.3886209	1	< 0.1%
162.6823813	1	< 0.1%
163.29171	1	< 0.1%
163.9104256	1	< 0.1%
164.7356296	1	< 0.1%
164.86697	1	< 0.1%
165.0560709	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
569.3743583	1	< 0.1%
565.8031152	1	< 0.1%
562.4084465	1	< 0.1%
554.3110259	1	< 0.1%
549.6376504	1	< 0.1%
546.883372	1	< 0.1%
545.5465304	1	< 0.1%
542.4042484	1	< 0.1%
542.1706318	1	< 0.1%
537.381027	1	< 0.1%

Extent
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13535
Distinct (%)	99.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.74973279

Minimum	0.55531472
Maximum	0.86619464
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.55531472
5-th percentile	0.6551083
Q1	0.71863353
median	0.75985895
Q3	0.7868515
95-th percentile	0.81225291
Maximum	0.86619464
Range	0.31087992
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.068217969

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.049086367
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.065471816
Kurtosis	0.64331884
Mean	0.74973279
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.032074741
Skewness	-0.89534843
Sum	10204.613
Variance	0.0024094714
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.708824975	2	< 0.1%
0.749505266	2	< 0.1%
0.819059011	2	< 0.1%
0.725920615	2	< 0.1%
0.757630139	2	< 0.1%
0.787569967	2	< 0.1%
0.601419526	2	< 0.1%
0.627271882	2	< 0.1%
0.787711843	2	< 0.1%
0.789365079	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13525)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.555314717	1	< 0.1%
0.566669254	1	< 0.1%
0.566767527	1	< 0.1%
0.57023762	1	< 0.1%
0.570274961	1	< 0.1%
0.572208854	1	< 0.1%
0.572379135	1	< 0.1%
0.573367347	1	< 0.1%
0.574040364	1	< 0.1%
0.574417687	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.866194641	1	< 0.1%
0.85841985	1	< 0.1%
0.852841426	1	< 0.1%
0.852268603	1	< 0.1%
0.851948052	1	< 0.1%
0.850744228	1	< 0.1%
0.850251311	1	< 0.1%
0.848622642	1	< 0.1%
0.84797499	1	< 0.1%
0.846362465	1	< 0.1%

Solidity
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13522
Distinct (%)	99.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.98714284

Minimum	0.91924616
Maximum	0.9946775
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.91924616
5-th percentile	0.97840498
Q1	0.9856704
median	0.988283
Q3	0.99001311
95-th percentile	0.99202732
Maximum	0.9946775
Range	0.075431343
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0043427115

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0046603792
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0047210788
Kurtosis	12.799621
Mean	0.98714284
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.002029079
Skewness	-2.5500931
Sum	13436.001
Variance	2.1719134 × 10^-5
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.982329069	2	< 0.1%
0.991076264	2	< 0.1%
0.990205184	2	< 0.1%
0.980017293	2	< 0.1%
0.986691276	2	< 0.1%
0.979472301	2	< 0.1%
0.986484175	2	< 0.1%
0.989206349	2	< 0.1%
0.991359178	2	< 0.1%
0.981596903	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13512)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.919246157	1	< 0.1%
0.943559301	1	< 0.1%
0.944568068	1	< 0.1%
0.946633681	1	< 0.1%
0.946719096	1	< 0.1%
0.947666764	1	< 0.1%
0.949023205	1	< 0.1%
0.949102529	1	< 0.1%
0.951947517	1	< 0.1%
0.953296108	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9946775	1	< 0.1%
0.994378182	1	< 0.1%
0.994259633	1	< 0.1%
0.994213484	1	< 0.1%
0.99408218	1	< 0.1%
0.994081773	1	< 0.1%
0.994049175	1	< 0.1%
0.993945441	1	< 0.1%
0.993919333	1	< 0.1%
0.993905511	1	< 0.1%

roundness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13540
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.87328183

Minimum	0.48961826
Maximum	0.9906854
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.48961826
5-th percentile	0.77095546
Q1	0.83209633
median	0.88315729
Q3	0.91686883
95-th percentile	0.95925361
Maximum	0.9906854
Range	0.50106714
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.084772504

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.059519888
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.068156563
Kurtosis	0.37430633
Mean	0.87328183
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.039831678
Skewness	-0.63574895
Sum	11886.239
Variance	0.0035426171
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.78228301	2	< 0.1%
0.798728556	2	< 0.1%
0.789488352	2	< 0.1%
0.788808932	2	< 0.1%
0.814603545	2	< 0.1%
0.822849045	2	< 0.1%
0.748511932	2	< 0.1%
0.787385321	2	< 0.1%
0.794389513	2	< 0.1%
0.813728734	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13530)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.489618256	1	< 0.1%
0.556765826	1	< 0.1%
0.57180091	1	< 0.1%
0.576028662	1	< 0.1%
0.577843594	1	< 0.1%
0.59370828	1	< 0.1%
0.595048401	1	< 0.1%
0.601978543	1	< 0.1%
0.605399396	1	< 0.1%
0.60656967	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9906854	1	< 0.1%
0.987919735	1	< 0.1%
0.987089244	1	< 0.1%
0.986812285	1	< 0.1%
0.986684731	1	< 0.1%
0.986114961	1	< 0.1%
0.986102963	1	< 0.1%
0.985949497	1	< 0.1%
0.984965881	1	< 0.1%
0.984877069	1	< 0.1%

Compactness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.79986368

Minimum	0.64057676
Maximum	0.98730297
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.64057676
5-th percentile	0.69056671
Q1	0.76246875
median	0.80127668
Q3	0.83426991
95-th percentile	0.90898975
Maximum	0.98730297
Range	0.34672621
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.071801164

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.061713463
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.077154976
Kurtosis	-0.22345947
Mean	0.79986368
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.035725658
Skewness	0.037115458
Sum	10886.945
Variance	0.0038085515
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.721597149	2	< 0.1%
0.724485451	2	< 0.1%
0.685669954	2	< 0.1%
0.70305102	2	< 0.1%
0.732188358	2	< 0.1%
0.691954132	2	< 0.1%
0.674817096	2	< 0.1%
0.696376459	2	< 0.1%
0.75144569	2	< 0.1%
0.70109382	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.640576759	1	< 0.1%
0.645367658	1	< 0.1%
0.645796363	1	< 0.1%
0.646562019	1	< 0.1%
0.64876196	1	< 0.1%
0.649038704	1	< 0.1%
0.649189479	1	< 0.1%
0.651630803	1	< 0.1%
0.65187098	1	< 0.1%
0.652148018	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.987302969	1	< 0.1%
0.981611143	1	< 0.1%
0.979431992	1	< 0.1%
0.97673884	1	< 0.1%
0.97589476	1	< 0.1%
0.975594507	1	< 0.1%
0.970515523	1	< 0.1%
0.970471434	1	< 0.1%
0.968733066	1	< 0.1%
0.968443994	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor1
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13521
Distinct (%)	99.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.0065636085

Minimum	0.002778013
Maximum	0.010451169
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.002778013
5-th percentile	0.004781539
Q1	0.005899917
median	0.006645174
Q3	0.00727142
95-th percentile	0.008305289
Maximum	0.010451169
Range	0.007673156
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.001371503

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0011279982
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.17185641
Kurtosis	0.71435483
Mean	0.0065636085
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.000677032
Skewness	-0.53414055
Sum	89.337275
Variance	1.27238 × 10^-6
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.006754749	2	< 0.1%
0.006310487	2	< 0.1%
0.00706211	2	< 0.1%
0.007078945	2	< 0.1%
0.007355746	2	< 0.1%
0.006492974	2	< 0.1%
0.006321996	2	< 0.1%
0.007356237	2	< 0.1%
0.006908984	2	< 0.1%
0.006506303	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13511)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.002778013	1	< 0.1%
0.002855716	1	< 0.1%
0.00286012	1	< 0.1%
0.002878357	1	< 0.1%
0.002901861	1	< 0.1%
0.002909101	1	< 0.1%
0.002942455	1	< 0.1%
0.002959317	1	< 0.1%
0.002974423	1	< 0.1%
0.002984943	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.010451169	1	< 0.1%
0.009897003	1	< 0.1%
0.00982398	1	< 0.1%
0.009747874	1	< 0.1%
0.009720056	1	< 0.1%
0.009669149	1	< 0.1%
0.00966647	1	< 0.1%
0.009661587	1	< 0.1%
0.009652959	1	< 0.1%
0.009612311	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor2
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13506
Distinct (%)	99.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.0017159473

Minimum	0.000564169
Maximum	0.003664972
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.000564169
5-th percentile	0.0009112715
Q1	0.00115352
median	0.001693531
Q3	0.002170268
95-th percentile	0.002724234
Maximum	0.003664972
Range	0.003100803
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.001016748

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.00059587485
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.34725707
Kurtosis	-0.8592542
Mean	0.0017159473
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.000512899
Skewness	0.30122592
Sum	23.355759
Variance	3.5506684 × 10^-7
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00109864	3	< 0.1%
0.001015771	2	< 0.1%
0.002388518	2	< 0.1%
0.000935566	2	< 0.1%
0.001043913	2	< 0.1%
0.00091597	2	< 0.1%
0.001209774	2	< 0.1%
0.00105393	2	< 0.1%
0.001046791	2	< 0.1%
0.000979686	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13496)	13590	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.000564169	1	< 0.1%
0.000566989	1	< 0.1%
0.000567843	1	< 0.1%
0.000572451	1	< 0.1%
0.000589955	1	< 0.1%
0.000590595	1	< 0.1%
0.000592256	1	< 0.1%
0.000601694	1	< 0.1%
0.000605579	1	< 0.1%
0.000606765	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.003664972	1	< 0.1%
0.003573241	1	< 0.1%
0.003563624	1	< 0.1%
0.003545182	1	< 0.1%
0.003506417	1	< 0.1%
0.003470231	1	< 0.1%
0.003434872	1	< 0.1%
0.003418781	1	< 0.1%
0.003412363	1	< 0.1%
0.003392637	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor3
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.64359018

Minimum	0.41033858
Maximum	0.97476715
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.41033858
5-th percentile	0.47688238
Q1	0.58135859
median	0.64204432
Q3	0.69600628
95-th percentile	0.82626237
Maximum	0.97476715
Range	0.56442857
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.11464769

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.09899615
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.15381862
Kurtosis	-0.14447504
Mean	0.64359018
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.057161848
Skewness	0.24248093
Sum	8759.906
Variance	0.0098002378
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.520702445	2	< 0.1%
0.524879169	2	< 0.1%
0.470143286	2	< 0.1%
0.494280737	2	< 0.1%
0.536099791	2	< 0.1%
0.478800521	2	< 0.1%
0.455378113	2	< 0.1%
0.484940173	2	< 0.1%
0.564670625	2	< 0.1%
0.491532544	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.410338584	1	< 0.1%
0.416499415	1	< 0.1%
0.417052942	1	< 0.1%
0.418042444	1	< 0.1%
0.420892081	1	< 0.1%
0.421251239	1	< 0.1%
0.42144698	1	< 0.1%
0.424622703	1	< 0.1%
0.424935775	1	< 0.1%
0.425297037	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.974767153	1	< 0.1%
0.963560435	1	< 0.1%
0.959287027	1	< 0.1%
0.954018762	1	< 0.1%
0.952370582	1	< 0.1%
0.951784642	1	< 0.1%
0.941900381	1	< 0.1%
0.941814803	1	< 0.1%
0.938443753	1	< 0.1%
0.937883769	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor4
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13532
Distinct (%)	99.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.99506331

Minimum	0.9476874
Maximum	0.99973253
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.9476874
5-th percentile	0.9869831
Q1	0.9937029
median	0.99638594
Q3	0.99788254
95-th percentile	0.99899198
Maximum	0.99973253
Range	0.052045127
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0041796475

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0043664577
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0043881205
Kurtosis	13.038067
Mean	0.99506331
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.001817961
Skewness	-2.7594829
Sum	13543.807
Variance	1.9065953 × 10^-5
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.991327833	2	< 0.1%
0.969279207	2	< 0.1%
0.997805139	2	< 0.1%
0.993904791	2	< 0.1%
0.972379074	2	< 0.1%
0.996686551	2	< 0.1%
0.990519842	2	< 0.1%
0.996467418	2	< 0.1%
0.996301421	2	< 0.1%
0.998228338	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13522)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.947687403	1	< 0.1%
0.949990311	1	< 0.1%
0.951238836	1	< 0.1%
0.95503249	1	< 0.1%
0.956866857	1	< 0.1%
0.957232663	1	< 0.1%
0.957325108	1	< 0.1%
0.957327553	1	< 0.1%
0.957747709	1	< 0.1%
0.958284825	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.99973253	1	< 0.1%
0.999709101	1	< 0.1%
0.999707336	1	< 0.1%
0.999680521	1	< 0.1%
0.999674292	1	< 0.1%
0.999670452	1	< 0.1%
0.999659526	1	< 0.1%
0.999652276	1	< 0.1%
0.999637011	1	< 0.1%
0.999625379	1	< 0.1%

Class
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.6311807

Minimum	0
Maximum	6
Zeros	2027
Zeros (%)	14.9%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	4
Q3	6
95-th percentile	6
Maximum	6
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.1517815
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.59258453
Kurtosis	-1.1468314
Mean	3.6311807
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	-0.51495129
Sum	49424
Variance	4.6301636
Monotonicity	Increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	3546	26.1%
5	2636	19.4%
0	2027	14.9%
4	1928	14.2%
3	1630	12.0%
1	1322	9.7%
2	522	3.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2027	14.9%
1	1322	9.7%
2	522	3.8%
3	1630	12.0%
4	1928	14.2%
5	2636	19.4%
6	3546	26.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	3546	26.1%
5	2636	19.4%
4	1928	14.2%
3	1630	12.0%
2	522	3.8%
1	1322	9.7%
0	2027	14.9%

Auto

The auto setting is an interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping:

Variable_type-Variable_type : Method, Range
Categorical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1]
Numerical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1] (using a discretized numerical column)
Numerical-Numerical : Spearman's ρ, [-1,1]

The number of bins used in the discretization for the Numerical-Categorical column pair can be changed using config.correlations["auto"].n_bins. The number of bins affects the granularity of the association you wish to measure.

This configuration uses the recommended metric for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows
Last rows

	Area	Perimeter	MajorAxisLength	MinorAxisLength	AspectRation	Eccentricity	ConvexArea	EquivDiameter	Extent	Solidity	roundness	Compactness	ShapeFactor1	ShapeFactor2	ShapeFactor3	ShapeFactor4
0	28395	610.291	208.178117	173.888747	1.197191	0.549812	28715	190.141097	0.763923	0.988856	0.958027	0.913358	0.007332	0.003147	0.834222	0.998724
1	28734	638.018	200.524796	182.734419	1.097356	0.411785	29172	191.272751	0.783968	0.984986	0.887034	0.953861	0.006979	0.003564	0.909851	0.998430
2	29380	624.110	212.826130	175.931143	1.209713	0.562727	29690	193.410904	0.778113	0.989559	0.947849	0.908774	0.007244	0.003048	0.825871	0.999066
3	30008	645.884	210.557999	182.516516	1.153638	0.498616	30724	195.467062	0.782681	0.976696	0.903936	0.928329	0.007017	0.003215	0.861794	0.994199
4	30140	620.134	201.847882	190.279279	1.060798	0.333680	30417	195.896503	0.773098	0.990893	0.984877	0.970516	0.006697	0.003665	0.941900	0.999166
5	30279	634.927	212.560556	181.510182	1.171067	0.520401	30600	196.347702	0.775688	0.989510	0.943852	0.923726	0.007020	0.003153	0.853270	0.999236
6	30477	670.033	211.050155	184.039050	1.146768	0.489478	30970	196.988633	0.762402	0.984081	0.853080	0.933374	0.006925	0.003242	0.871186	0.999049
7	30519	629.727	212.996755	182.737204	1.165591	0.513760	30847	197.124320	0.770682	0.989367	0.967109	0.925480	0.006979	0.003158	0.856514	0.998345
8	30685	635.681	213.534145	183.157146	1.165852	0.514081	31044	197.659696	0.771561	0.988436	0.954240	0.925658	0.006959	0.003152	0.856844	0.998953
9	30834	631.934	217.227813	180.897469	1.200834	0.553642	31120	198.139012	0.783683	0.990810	0.970278	0.912125	0.007045	0.003008	0.831973	0.999061

	Area	Perimeter	MajorAxisLength	MinorAxisLength	AspectRation	Eccentricity	ConvexArea	EquivDiameter	Extent	Solidity	roundness	Compactness	ShapeFactor1	ShapeFactor2	ShapeFactor3	ShapeFactor4	Class
13601	42042	771.515	288.082674	186.347090	1.545947	0.762615	42476	231.364511	0.816254	0.989782	0.887574	0.803118	0.006852	0.001758	0.644999	0.997134	6
13602	42047	768.936	292.975007	183.139141	1.599740	0.780543	42446	231.378268	0.773890	0.990600	0.893644	0.789754	0.006968	0.001672	0.623712	0.997777	6
13603	42049	770.185	290.163403	185.051685	1.568013	0.770243	42503	231.383771	0.756005	0.989318	0.890790	0.797426	0.006901	0.001721	0.635888	0.997080	6
13604	42070	763.489	289.022373	186.123434	1.552853	0.765046	42556	231.441543	0.768823	0.988580	0.906936	0.800774	0.006870	0.001743	0.641239	0.995750	6
13605	42070	760.701	276.691651	193.945367	1.426647	0.713216	42458	231.441543	0.730813	0.990862	0.913596	0.836460	0.006577	0.001986	0.699666	0.998176	6
13606	42097	759.696	288.721612	185.944705	1.552728	0.765002	42508	231.515799	0.714574	0.990331	0.916603	0.801865	0.006858	0.001749	0.642988	0.998385	6
13607	42101	757.499	281.576392	190.713136	1.476439	0.735702	42494	231.526798	0.799943	0.990752	0.922015	0.822252	0.006688	0.001886	0.676099	0.998219	6
13608	42139	759.321	281.539928	191.187979	1.472582	0.734065	42569	231.631261	0.729932	0.989899	0.918424	0.822730	0.006681	0.001888	0.676884	0.996767	6
13609	42147	763.779	283.382636	190.275731	1.489326	0.741055	42667	231.653247	0.705389	0.987813	0.907906	0.817457	0.006724	0.001852	0.668237	0.995222	6
13610	42159	772.237	295.142741	182.204716	1.619841	0.786693	42600	231.686223	0.788962	0.989648	0.888380	0.784997	0.007001	0.001640	0.616221	0.998180	6

Most frequently occurring

	Area	Perimeter	MajorAxisLength	MinorAxisLength	AspectRation	Eccentricity	ConvexArea	EquivDiameter	Extent	Solidity	roundness	Compactness	ShapeFactor1	ShapeFactor2	ShapeFactor3	ShapeFactor4	Class	# duplicates
0	33518	702.956	277.571399	154.305581	1.798842	0.831240	34023	206.582775	0.808383	0.985157	0.852377	0.744251	0.008281	0.001567	0.553909	0.996396	4	2
1	33954	716.750	277.368480	156.356326	1.773951	0.825970	34420	207.922042	0.799482	0.986461	0.830549	0.749624	0.008169	0.001591	0.561936	0.996847	4	2
2	38427	756.323	306.533886	160.591784	1.908777	0.851782	38773	221.193978	0.796976	0.991076	0.844174	0.721597	0.007977	0.001334	0.520702	0.993905	4	2
3	38891	791.343	319.499996	156.869619	2.036723	0.871168	39651	222.525412	0.650025	0.980833	0.780422	0.696480	0.008215	0.001192	0.485085	0.987983	4	2
4	40804	790.802	323.475648	163.287717	1.981016	0.863241	41636	227.932592	0.787570	0.980017	0.819931	0.704636	0.007928	0.001206	0.496512	0.983598	4	2
5	41978	821.864	337.171464	160.036067	2.106847	0.880178	42593	231.188342	0.684885	0.985561	0.780965	0.685670	0.008032	0.001095	0.470143	0.990520	4	2
6	42156	815.245	335.198243	160.936938	2.082792	0.877200	42586	231.677980	0.834046	0.989903	0.797064	0.691167	0.007951	0.001119	0.477712	0.994975	4	2
7	42450	828.116	347.951525	156.469366	2.223768	0.893186	42820	232.484448	0.609388	0.991359	0.777867	0.668152	0.008197	0.001008	0.446427	0.992750	4	2
8	43099	815.390	328.234078	168.610116	1.946705	0.857977	43710	234.254885	0.697666	0.986022	0.814604	0.713682	0.007616	0.001219	0.509343	0.991539	4	2
9	43746	836.693	339.352567	165.411442	2.051566	0.873161	44442	236.006646	0.713778	0.984339	0.785264	0.695462	0.007757	0.001119	0.483667	0.992274	4	2

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Auto

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

Duplicate rows

Most frequently occurring